SUBJECT INDEX

ANNUAL INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS

Volumes 50-53 (2004-2007)

[References are to volume and text section]

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AAPL form 610 model form operating agreement (See also Joint Operating Agreements)

Generally    52:11.01 et seq.

Abandonment of wells    52:11.12[1],[2]

Acreage or cash contributions    52:11.16

Exculpatory language, enforceability of    52:11.04

Execution by less than all parties    52:11.19

History    52:11.02

Lease renewal or extension    52:11.13

Lease termination/surrender    52:11.12[3],[4]

Liens and payment defaults    52:11.14

Limitation on expenditures    52:11.15

Loss of title    52:11.05

Only one unit operator    52:11.06

Operator and nonoperators, relationship between    52:11.03

 Fiduciary duty created by agreement 52:11.03[1]
 Fiduciary relationship limited by agreement 52:11.03[2]
 No fiduciary duty 52:11.03[3]

Operator obligations re test or initial well    52:11.09

Operator of unit    52:11.06

Preferential right to purchase    52:11.17

Production in kind, right to take    52:11.11

Prohibition on partition    52:11.18

Resignation or removal of operator    52:11.07

Subsequent operations    52:11.10

 Election as to subsequent operation 52:11.10[6],[7]
 Non-consent provisions 52:11.10[8]‑[10]
 Notice of subsequent operation 52:11.10[3]-[5]
 Sidetrack operations 52:11.10[1],[2]

Successor operator    52:11.08

ACCESS
Across adjacent lands 50:10.04
 Federal lands 50:10.04[1]
 Indian lands 50:10.04[2]
 Private lands 50:10.04[3]
Oil and gas leases 50:10.03
 Federal lands 50:10.03[1]
 Indian lands 50:10.03[2]
 Private lands 50:10.03[3]
Simultaneous mineral operations 50:10.06
Subjacent minerals 50:10.05
 
ACQUISITION DUE DILIGENCE
Sarbanes-Oxley implications 51:23.01 et seq.
 Additional areas of inquiry 51:23.03[1]
 Additional sources of information 51:23.03[2]
 Disclosure controls and internal controls 51:23.02
 Sample documentation 51:23.04
 

alaska native claims settlement act (Ancsa)

Generally 53:12.01 et seq.

Aboriginal title 53:12.03[1]

Extinguishment 53:12.03[1][b]

History 53:12.03[1][a]

Economic success 53:12.04

Native corporations 53:12.03[2]

Alaska Native Fund 53:12.03[2][e]

Native roll and shareholders 53:12.03[2][d]

Regional corporations 53:12.03[2][a]

Restrictions on alienation 53:12.03[2][c]

Village corporations 53:12.03[2][b]

Native lands, provisions relating to 53:12.03[4]

Alaska Land Transfer Acceleration Act 53:12.03[4][h]

Indian reservations 53:12.03[4][f]

Land exchanges 53:12.03[4][d]

Regional corporation withdrawals and selections 53:12.03[4][b]

Southeastern Alaska Native corporations 53:12.03[4][e]

Third party rights 53:12.03[4][g]

Village and regional conveyances 53:12.03[4][c]

Village withdrawals and selections 53:12.03[4][a]

Securities laws and proxy solicitations 53:12.03[5]

Sharing mineral wealth 53:12.03[3]

Summary 53:12.02
 
ALBERTA
Oil sands (See OIL SANDS)
 
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING STATUTES
Generally 51:3.03
International standards and organizations 51:3.03[2]
U.S. laws and regulations 51:3.03[1]

areas of mutual interest

Generally    52:27.01 et seq.

AMI agreements    52:27.03

 Definition 52:27.03[1]-[2]
 Issue checklist 52:27.05
 Negotiation 52:27.04
 Overlapping agreements 52:27.06
 Purpose and advantage 52:27.04[1]

Articles    52:27.02[2]

Cases    52:27.02[1]

 Acquired interests 52:27.02[1][f]
 Covenant running with the land 52:27.02[1][c]
 Rule against perpetuities 52:27.02[1][d]
 Sufficiency of description 52:27.02[1][a]
 Sufficiency of notice 52:27.02[1][b]
 Time for performance 52:27.02[1][e]
 
ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE
ABA task force 51:4.03
Definition 51:4.02[1], [3]
Federal regulation of attorneys 51:4.05
Government assertion 51:4.02[4]
Privilege not absolute 51:4.02[5]
State regulation of attorneys 51:4.04
Waiver of privilege 51:4.06

Authentication of documents in common law and civil law jurisdictions

Generally    52:23.01 et seq.

Apostille, form of    52:23.05

Apostille vs. chain authentication    52:23.02

 Chain authentication 52:23.02[2]‑[7]
 Hague convention and the apostille 52:23.02[1]
 Protocol on uniformity of powers of attorney 52:23.02[7]

Civil and common law notaries    52:23.03

 Civil vs. common law notarial systems 52:23.03[2]
 History 52:23.03[1]
 Role and powers of civil vs. common law notaries 52:23.03[3]

Execution, authentication, and recording in civil law jurisdictions    52:23.04

Table of requirements by jurisdiction    52:23.06

 
BOUNDARY DISPUTES
Generally 50:20.01 et seq.
Boundaries and priorities of calls 50:20.02
Boundary litigation
 Generally 50:20.04
 Adverse possession or limitations title 50:20.04[3]
 Evidence 50:20.04[4]
 Partition 50:20.04[2]
 Trespass to try title 50:20.04[1]
Establishing boundary lines 50:20.03

Brownfield redevelopment, risk-reduction strategies

Generally    52:16.01 et seq.

Agency assurances    52:16.03

 CERCLA guidance and policy 52:16.03[2]
 Hierarchy 52:16.03[1]
   Mine-scarred land policy 52:16.03[3]
 RCRA guidance policy 52:16.03[4]
 Statutory solutions 52:16.03[5]

Bona fide prospective purchaser protection    52:16.02

 Appropriate care 52:16.02[3]
 Taking reasonable steps 52:16.02[3]
 Windfall lien 52:16.02[4]

Cleanup completion strategy    52:16.07

Institutional controls    52:16.06

Modifying CERCLA consent decrees    52:16.04

Stopping releases and preventing exposure    52:16.05

 
CANADA
Diamonds (See DIAMONDS)
Oil sands (See OIL SANDS)
 
CANADIAN JUNIOR EXPLORATION AND MINING COMPANIES
Generally 51:16.01 et seq.
Common law principles 51:16.07
Hallmarks 51:16.03
Lack of funds, consequences of 51:16.09
Organizational structure 51:16.04
Securities laws and stock exchange requirements 51:16.05
 Continuous disclosure requirements 51:16.05[2]
 Listing requirements 51:16.05[1]
 National Instrument 43-101 51:16.05[3]
 Ontario Securities Commission Rule 61-501 51:16.05[6]
 Property acquisition requirements 51:16.05[4]
 Registration, prospectus exemptions, hold periods 51:16.05[5]
Transactional and contractual considerations 51:16.08
Why so many 51:16.02
 
CHEMICAL SECURITY
Generally 51:21.01 et seq.
Critical infrastructure protection 51:21.02[4]
Federal framework 51:21.02
Homeland Security Act of 2002 51:21.02[2]
Maritime Transportation Security Act 51:21.03[1]
Mining and Safe Explosives Act 51:21.03[4]
Natural resource industry 51:21.03
Security planning 51:21.04
Security vulnerability assessments 51:21.03[3]
 
CITIZEN SUITS (See CLEAN WATER ACT)
 
CLEAN AIR ACT

Equipment replacements    52:6.03[4]

Oil and gas industry, developments affecting 51:12.01 et seq.
 BART guidelines 51:12.02
 Boiler and process heater MACT 51:12.06
 EPA source aggregation policy 51:12.04
 NSR/PSD reform 51:12.03
 Oil and natural gas MACT Rule, area sources 51:12.07
 Ozone control requirements 51:12.08
 Regional haze rule 51:12.02
 RICE MACT 51:12.05

Startup/shutdown malfunction defense    52:6.03[3]

Title V permits    52:6.03[2]

 
CLEAN WATER ACT
Generally 50:24.01 et seq.
Citizen suits
 Generally 50:23.01 et seq.
 Against EPA 50:23.02[2]
 Causes of action 50:23.02
 Constitutional defenses 50:23.03[3]
 Defenses based on primary jurisdiction, abstention, and exemptions 50:23.03[4]
 Discharge of pollutant 50:23.02[1][a]
 Failure to have a CWA permit 50:23.02[1]
  Fees and costs recovery 50:23.03[5]
 Mandatory duties 50:23.03[2][c]
 Notice of intent to sue 50:23.03[2][a]
 Ongoing violations 50:23.03[1]
 Potential defenses 50:23.03
 Preclusion by government enforcement 50:23.03[2][b]

Rapanos/Carabell    52:6.02[2]

Regulation of discharges of fill vs. pollutants    52:6.02[3]

Section 404 jurisdiction    52:6.02

Stormwater regulatory program    52:6.02[5]

TMDL program 50:24.03

Water transfers, permitting requirements for    52:6.02[4]

Waters of the United States (See WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES)

 
CLIMATE CHANGE (See GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) EMISSIONS PROGRAMS)
 

coal

Arbitration of price term disputes 53:29.01 et seq.

Arbitration procedures 53:29.01 et seq.

Long-term coal supply contracts 53:29.01 et seq.

Price adjustment provisions 53:29.01 et seq.

condemnation

Generally 53:5.01 et seq.

Kelo v. New London 53:5.01 et seq.

Background 53:5.02[1]

Holding 53:5.02[2]

Plan 53:5.02[2][b]

Public purpose 53:5.02[2][a]

Recent case law 53:5.03[3]

Natural resource developments, condemnation under federal law 53:5.04

Electric transmission lines: Energy Policy Act of 2005 53:5.04[4]

Hydroelectric power projects: Federal Power Act 53:5.04[3]

Interstate gas pipelines: Natural Gas Act 53:5.04[2]

confidentiality agreements

Generally 53:28.01 et seq.

Aquiline v. IMA Exploration 53:28.02

Areas of exclusion 53:28.04[7]

Common law principles on confidential information 53:28.03

Definitions articulated by courts 53:28.04[1][b]

Due diligence best practices 53:28.05

Exclusions from definition of confidential information 53:28.04[2]

Key functions 53:28.04[1]

Non-solicitation 53:28.04[8]

Relief 53:28.04[10]

Representations and disclaimers 53:28.04[4]

Restrictions on disclosure 53:28.04[3]

Return or destruction of data 53:28.04[9]

Standstills 53:28.04[6]

Uses of confidential information 53:28.04[5]

 
CONSERVATION EASEMENTS
Generally 51:22.01 et seq.
Charitable trust 51:22.07
Cy pres 51:22.07
Eminent domain 51:22.05
Enforcement of 51:22.06
Growth in use of 51:22.01
Interpretation of 51:22.06[2]
Land trust 51:22.01
Land Trust Alliance 51:22.01
Modification of 51:22.07
Recent developments 51:22.10
Standing 51:22.06[1]
State easement enabling statutes 51:22.02[2]
Tax incentives 51:22.08
Termination 51:22.07
Terms 51:22.03
Uniform Conservation Easement Act 51:22.02[1]
Valuation of 51:22.09
Water rights 51:22.02[2], .04
 

covenants that run with the land

Generally 53:19.01 et seq.

Assignability 53:19.04[5]

Definition 53:19.02

Effect of assignment or sublease 53:19.05

Historical development 53:19.03

Incidents of 53:19.04

Oil and gas transactions, application to 53:19.06

 
CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Generally 50:2.01 et seq.
Case study: Shell, Greenpeace, and the Brent Spar 50:2.02
Crisis dynamics 50:2.03
Leading under pressure 50:2.04
Values, importance of 50:2.05
 
DAUBERT (See EVIDENCE, NATURAL RESOURCES LITIGATION)
 
DIAMONDS
Generally 50:13.01 et seq.
Canada 50:13.01 et seq.
Forms
 Diamond marketing agreement 50:13.10
 Gross overriding royalty agreement 50:13.09
Geology 50:13.02
Joint ventures 50:13.08
Marketing agreements 50:13.07, .10
 Drafting checklist 50:13.07[1]
Mining history 50:13.03[1]-[3]
Production and marketing 50:13.04
Royalties 50:13.05
 Drafting checklist 50:13.05[2]
 Gross overriding royalty 50:13.05[1], .09
 Interests in land 50:13.06[1]-[3]
Taking in kind 50:13.08

discovery rule, MINING LAW

Generally    52:18.01 et seq.

Application of tests    52:18.04

 Disputes between private parties 52:18.04[1]
 Disputes with the government 52:18.04[2]

1872 Mining Law    52:18.02

Excess reserves    52:18.06

Ongoing issues    52:18.05

Tests for discovery    52:18.03

 Marketability test 52:18.03[2]
 Prudent person test 52:18.03[1]

Validity determinations    52:18.07

 
DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Generally 50:8.01 et seq.
Arbitration, domestic 50:8.05
 Arbitral tribunal 50:8.05[6]
 Planning issues 50:8.05[9]
Arbitration, international 50:8.06
 Governing law  50:8.06[2]
 Planning issues 50:8.06[8]
BITs, NAFTA, and ECT 50:8.09
Expert determination 50:8.04
Forum selection 50:8.08
ICSID arbitration 50:8.07

International 53:24.01 et seq.

Arbitration with states 53:24.06

Drafting arbitration clauses and agreements 53:24.03

Forum selection 53:24.02

Litigation or arbitration 53:24.02

Model arbitration clauses 53:24.08

Place of arbitration, choosing 53:24.04

Procedural rules, choosing 53:24.05

Mediation 50:8.03
 
DROUGHT, PLANNING FOR
Generally 51:27.01 et seq.
Mitigation planning 51:27.03
National Drought Mitigation Center 51:27.03
National Drought Policy Act 51:27.03
National Drought Preparedness Act 51:27.03
Policy and preparedness 51:27.02
Risk management 51:27.01 et seq.
 

eminent domain (See condemnation)

 
ENERGY, FUTURE OF
Generally 50:1.01 et seq.
Causes and consequences of energy crises 50:1.03
Energy markets, politics, and security 50:1.05
Lessons from the past 50:1.02
Nation’s track record
 Generally 50:1.04
 Domestic policy and economics 50:1.04[1]
 International security 50:1.04[2]
Optimism, no grounds for 50:1.06
Outlook for the future 50:1.02

energy infrastructure

Generally    52:7.01 et seq.

Electric Reliability Organization (ERO)    52:7.04[2]

Electric reliability problems    52:7.02

 DCPSC petition 52:7.02[2]
 DOE order 52:7.02[3]
 FERC order 52:7.02[4]
 Solutions, short and long term 52:7.02[5]

EPAct    52:7.03

Liquefied natural gas policy    52:7.05

Transmission siting    52:7.04[1]

Energy Regulation

Generally    52:2.01 et seq.

Bush administration    52:2.03

Electricity    52:2.04

  Federal 52:2.04[1]
 State regulation and the California debacle 52:2.04[2]

Hydroelectric projects    52:2.06

Natural gas    52:2.05

Nuclear power    52:2.07

Environmental cleanups, cost recovery

Aviall decision    52:6.04

Post-Aviall alternatives    52:6.04[4]

 
ENVIRONMENTAL DUE DILIGENCE
Generally 51:24.01 et seq.
Legal bases of liability 51:24.02
 CERCLA 51:24.02[1]
 Oil Pollution Act 51:24.02[6]
 RCRA 51:24.02[2]
 Regulation of hardrock mining 51:24.02[4]
 SMCRA 51:24.02[3]
  Wetlands and coastal zone issues 51:24.02[5]
Managing liability 51:24.04
 Addressing known contamination 51:24.04[2][d]
 Designating the generator 51:24.04[2][c]
 Indemnities 51:24.04[1][b]
 Representations and warranties  51:24.04[1][a]
 Seller’s insurance coverage 51:24.04[2][b]
Mineral property transactions 51:24.01 et seq.
Pre-closing 51:24.03
 All appropriate inquiries test 51:24.03[1][b]
 Compliance audit 51:24.03[2]
 Environmental assessment 51:24.03[1]

Environmental Law (See also specific acts and subject headings)

Natural resource industries, developments affecting    52:6.01 et seq.

 
ENVIRONMENTAL WHISTLEBLOWERS
Generally 51:6.01 et seq.
False Claims Act 51:6.02[3][b]
Federal environmental statutes 51:6.02[1]
 Administrative process 51:6.02[1][a]
 Elements of employee’s claim 51:6.02[1][b]
 Employer defenses 51:6.02[1][e]
 Employer’s legitimate reason 51:6.02[1][c]
 Jury trial challenges  51:6.02[1][g]
 Mixed motive cases 51:6.02[1][d]
 Relief available to employee 51:6.02[1][f]
Litigation strategies 51:6.05
Policies to minimize whistleblower risks 51:6.03
Protection outside the United States 51:6.02[5]
Sarbanes-Oxley Act 51:6.02[2]
 Civil employee protection provision 51:6.02[2][a]
 Criminal anti-retaliation provision 51:6.02[2][b]
State law protections 51:6.02[4]
Strategies for responding to whistleblowers 51:6.04
Workplace safety statutes 51:6.02[3][a]
 
ETHICS
Generally 50:6.01 et seq.
 
EVIDENCE, NATURAL RESOURCES LITIGATION
Generally 51:13.01 et seq.
Expert witnesses 51:13.06
 Daubert analysis 51:13.06[2], [3]
 Procedural evidentiary requirements 51:13.06[1]
Fact, argument, anecdote 51:13.04
Merger doctrine 51:13.05[1]
Parol evidence rule 51:13.05[1]
Rules of interpretation 51:13.05[2]
Substantive vs. procedural evidentiary rules 51:13.03
 
EXTRATERRITORIAL ANTICORRUPTION LAWS
Generally 51:3.01 et seq.
International anticorruption conventions 51:3.02[2]
Overview 51:3.02
U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 51:3.02[1]
 Accounting provisions 51:3.02[1][d]
 Antibribery provisions 51:3.02[1][b], [c]
 Mergers and acquisitions 51:3.02[1][f][i]
 Penalties and enforcement 51:3.02[1][e]
 

Extraterritorial application of U.S. law

Generally 53:7.01 et seq.

Alternate legal mechanisms 53:7.06

Pakootas case 53:7.03

Presumption against 53:7.02

Key cases 53:7.02[1]-[3]

Ramifications 53:7.05

Transborder environmental conflicts 53:7.04

 
FEDERAL LAND EXCHANGES
Generally 51:8.01 et seq.
Administrative decisions 51:8.05
Federal Land Transaction Facilitation Act (Baca II)  51:8.06[2], [3]
GAO/OIG reports 51:8.04
Judicial decisions 51:8.05
Legislative land exchanges 51:8.03
Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act 51:8.06[1], [3]
Statutory and regulatory authority 51:8.02
 
FEDERAL LAND USE PLANS
Generally  51:11.01 et seq.
Administrative developments 51:11.05
BLM land use planning 51:11.02[1]
Forest Service land use planning 51:11.02[2]
Legislative developments 51:11.06
NEPA litigation 51:11.04
Status 51:11.03