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SUBJECT INDEX ANNUAL INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS Volumes 36 through 49 (1990-2003)
[References are to volume and text section]
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ABANDONED OIL WELLS (See PLUGGING AND ABANDONING OIL WELLS)
ABORIGINAL TITLE Australia Administrative procedures 46:2.03[2] Judicial, legislative 46:2.03[1] Canada Administrative process 46:2.04[4][c] Fiduciary duty of Crown 46:2.04[2] Judicial, legislative 46:2.04[1]-[4] Treaties 46:2.04[4][b]
ABSTENTION State environmental enforcement 46:14.03[2]
ACCARDI DOCTRINE (See ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES)
ACCESS Across federal mineral leases 45:20.07 Across mining claims Generally 45:20.06 By owner 45:20.06[1][a] By public 45:20.06[1][b] By agreement 45:20.03[1] Canada 46:23.03 Condemnation, statutory ways of necessity 45:20.03[6] Easement by necessity 45:20.03[4] Easement through public use 45:20.03[2] Environmental requirements 36:21.04[2][b]; 45:20.02[4][d] Express rights 45:20.02[2] Federal lands 45:20.02 Federal oil and gas leases 46:23.02[1][a] Fee lands 46:23.02[1][d] FLPMA rights-of-way 45:20.02[2][c] Implied rights 45:20.02[1], 20.02[4][a] Indian lands 45:20.05; 46:23.02[1][c] Inholding access 45:20.02[2][d] Mineral leases 45:20.02[1]-[2] Oil and Gas Leases Seismic 40:20.03 Subsurface trespass 40:20.03 Surface use regulation, federal 40:20.02 Adjoining tracts 40:20.02[6] Agency authority limits 40:20.02[2] Federal right-of-way 40:20.02[4] Regulatory takings 40:20.02[5] R.S. 2477, 40:20.02[3] Severed minerals 40:20.02[3] Sources of authority 40:20.02[1] Prescriptive easement 45:20.03[3] Private lands 45:20.03 R.S. 2477 roads 45:20.02[2][b], 20.02[4][b] Severed surface estates 45:20.03[5] State lands 45:20.04; 46:23.02[1][b] Unpatented mining claims 45:20.02[1]-[2], 20.06 Valid existing rights 44:24.02[3][f] Wilderness areas 45:20.02[3][a] Wilderness study areas 45:20.02[3][b]
ACCOMMODATION DOCTRINE Generally 40:22.03[3]; 45:12.05[1][a]
ACID MINE (ROCK) DRAINAGE Generally 36:5.03[5][a]; 42:5.01[2], 15.01 et seq. Abandoned, inactive mines 42:15.03[2] Agency regulation 42:15.04 Chemical, physical processes 42:15.02[1]-[3][c] Clean Water Act, regulation of 42:15.03[1][a] Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, regulation of 42:15.03[1][b] Facility design 42:15.02[4][d] Geologic, geochemical factors 42:15.02[3][b] Groundwater 42:15.02[3][c],[d] Migration control 42:15.02[4][b] Mine facility influences 42:15.02[3][a] Mitigation measures, generally 36:5.03[5][b] Monitoring programs 42:15.02[3][c][v] National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit 42:15.03[1][a] Operator issues 42:15.05 Point source 42:15.03[1][a] Potential impacts 42:15.02[2][a] Resource Conservation & Recovery Act, regulation of 42:15.03[1][c] Source control 42:15.02[4][a]
ACQUISITIONS Amendments to laws governing bids 46:17.02[2] Antitrust issues 47:9.02 International regulations 47:9.02[2] Checklist 47:7.01 et seq. Asset acquisitions 47:7.02 Foreign acquisitions 47:7.04 Stock/entity acquisitions 47:7.03 Compulsory acquisition 46:17.02[1][a] Cross-border transactions 46:17.02[3] Defending a hostile bid 46:17.03[1] Defensive tactics 46:17.03[4] Depleted oil fields 42:17.07[2] Due diligence 46:17.04 Environmental issues 47:9.04 Exchangeable shares 46:17.02[3][a] Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act 47:9.02 International properties 42:3.04[1][e] Mining industry 46:17.01 et seq. Multi-jurisdiction Disclosure System (MJDS) 46:17.02[3][b] Oil and gas properties 39:16.01 et seq. Plan of arrangement 46:17.02[1][b] Protecting agreed transaction 46:17.03[2] Redomiciling to Canada 46:17.02[4] Regulatory approvals 47:9.02 et seq. Reverse take-overs 46:17.02[4] Shareholder rights plans 46:17.03[3] Strategic investments 46:17.02[5] Structuring take-over bids 46:17.02 Transfer of permits 47:9.01 et seq. Utility regulatory issues 47:9.03
ACT OF JULY 9, 1870 Generally 46:26.02[1][b]
ACT OF JULY 26, 1866 Generally 46:26.02[1][b]
ADAPTIVE
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (See NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES (See also specific agency headings) Chevron deference 45:7.02[6], 47:5.03[3][a], 6.05[2] Informal agency action 47:5.01 et seq. Accardi doctrine 47:5.03[4] Executive orders 47:5.03[5] Judicial deference, level of 47:5.03[3] Legal effect 47:5.03 Judicial review 47:6.01 et seq. Types of agency actions 47:5.02
ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS OF ROYALTY DECISIONS (See also MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE) Administrative record 37:17.03[4][b]
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE ACT Generally 47:6.02[1], 6.03[1], 6.05
AERIAL SURVEYS Generally 45:8.01 et seq.
AEROMAGNETIC SURVEYS Generally 45:8.02[2][a]
AGENCY Liability under environmental laws 37:1.01, 1.07[1] Mine construction contracts Risk allocation 37:11.01[2]
AGGREGATES Conflicts between surface and subsurface estates 47:12.04 Federally-reserved aggregate 47:12.04[2] Privately-owned aggregate 47:12.04[1] Right to mine, acquisition of 47:12.03 Federally-owned aggregate 47:12.03[2] Material sales contracts 47:12.03[2][b] Privately-owned aggregate 47:12.03[1] State-owned aggregate 47:12.03[3] Title issues 47:12.02 Coal Land Act of 1910 47:12.02[2][c] Federal mineral reservations 47:12.02[2] Indian Reorganization Act 47:12.02[2][e] Private mineral reservations 47:12.02[1] Railroad reservations 47:12.02[2][d] State mineral reservations 47:12.02[3] Stock-Raising Homestead Act 47:12.02[2][a] Taylor Grazing Act 47:12.02[2][b]
AGREEMENTS (See also MINING AGREEMENTS) As basis for environmental liability 37:1.07; 40:22.02[1], 22.03 Attorney conflicts of interest 41:1.01 et seq. Evidentiary privilege 41:1.01 et seq. Execution of instruments 37:20.01 et seq. Preferential purchase rights 37:9.01 et seq. Provisions (See CONTRACT PROVISIONS) Purchase and sale (See PURCHASE AND SALE AGREEMENTS)
AIR QUALITY (See CLEAN AIR ACT)
AIRBORNE GRAVITY SURVEYS Generally 45:8.02[2][c]
ALASKA NATIONAL INTEREST LANDS CONSERVATION ACT (ANILCA) Generally 37:7.13; 38:2.01 et seq. Access under 45:20.02[2][d][i] Withdrawals under 43:4.03[3][b], 4.04[3]
ALASKA NATIVE CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT (ANCSA) Aboriginal title in Alaska 38:2.02 Alaska Statehood Act 38:2.02[2][d] Corporations and shareholders 38:2.04[3] Regional Corporations 38:2.04[3][a] Village Corporations 38:2.04[3][b] Freeze and Super Freeze 38:2.03[1][c] Land planning 38:2.04[8][a] Native claims 38:2.03[1][b] Native lands 38:2.04[5] Alaska Native Fund 38:2.04[4][a] Indian reservations 38:2.04[5][f] Land exchanges 38:2.04[5][d] Regional Corporation withdrawal; selections 38:2.04[5][b] Southeastern Alaska Native Corporations 38:2.04[5][e] Village and regional conveyances 38:2.04[5][c] Village withdrawals, selections 38:2.04[5][a] Statehood Act selections and conveyances 38:2.03[1][a] Taxes and creditor's rights 38:2.04[7] Withdrawals 38:2.04[8][b]
ALIEN TORT CLAIMS Generally 49:18.01 et seq. Environment, alleged harm to 47:24.03[3] Environmental harm cases Freeport decision 49:18.05[b],[c] Rio Tinto decision 49:18.05[a],[c] Filartiga revolution 47:24.02 Foreign policy, impact on 49:18.06[2] History 49:18.02 Law of Nations 47:24.01 et seq. Scope of statute 47:24.02 Security and labor cases 49:18.03 Aiding and abetting liability 49:18.03[3] Doe I decision 49:18.03[1], 18.04 Talisman Energy decision 49:18.03[2], 18.04 Specific, universal and obligatory standard 49:18.06[1] Typical defenses 47:24.04 Violation of the Law of Nations 47:24.03
ALLUVIAL VALLEY FLOOR Generally 36:19.05[5]
ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR) Generally 39:14.03[1] Agreement checklist 42:20.12 Arbitration Generally 39:14.03[2]; 42:20.03 Breach of contract 37:3.07[4][e] Drafting agreement 36:16.07; 39:14.06 Enforcing arbitration agreements 42:20.03[2] Federal Arbitration Act 42:20.02[3] Form 39:14.07 Gas sales contracts 36:16.07 Hearings 42:20.06 Indian lands 39:2.03[8][b] Powers, duties of arbitrators 42:20.04[1] Removal of operator in mining venture 37:8.05[4] Uniform Arbitration Act 42:20.02[3] Waiver 42:20.03[3] Collective bargaining 39:8.04[1] Discovery 42:20.05 Drafting of agreements 39:14.05-.06 Evidence 42:20.07 Foreign awards enforcement 41:9.02 New York Convention 41:9.02[1] International arbitration 44:8.03 On-line arbitration 44:8.03[1][h] International mediation 44:8.01 International operations 40:13.02[1]-[9] Mediation 39:14.03[1][a]; 42:20.02[1] Mini-trial 39:14.03[1][b] Purchase and sale agreements 41:4.06[3][c] Remedies 42:20.08 Sale of mine 39:8.04[1] Vs. judicial resolution 39:14.08
AMBIENT WATER QUALITY Generally 43:8.02[1][b]
AMERICAN INDIAN RELIGIOUS FREEDOM ACT Cultural resources protection 41:14.07 Mineral development 39:2.02[3][a]
ANTIQUITIES ACT (See also ARCHAEOLOGICAL REGULATION) Generally 46:1.06[1]; 48:25.04 Cultural resources protection 41:14.06 Indian Lands 39:2.02[3][f] Valid existing rights 44:24.02[2][f] Withdrawals under (See WITHDRAWALS, EXECUTIVE)
ANTITRUST ISSUES (See ACQUISITIONS)
API MODEL FORM OFFSHORE OPERATING AGREEMENT Generally 42:4.01 Compared with other form operating agreements 42:4.01 et seq.
APPLICABLE OR RELEVANT AND APPROPRIATE REQUIREMENTS (ARARs) Mine waste cleanup (See MINE WASTE CLEANUP)
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DRILL (APD) Bureau of Land Management 37:21.02[3] Environmental Protection Agency 37:21.02[3] NEPA procedures 37:15.01 et seq. Wetlands 37:21.03[2][c]
APPROPRIATION OF WATER Public welfare 42:24.01 et seq.
AQUIFER STORAGE Generally 45:25.02 Arizona Water Banking Authority 45:25.02 Artificial recharge 45:25.01, 25.02[2] In lieu storage 45:25.03[3] Interstate banking 45:25.02[3] Priority 45:25.03[2] Recapture right 45:25.03[4] Reclamation law issues 45:25.03[6] Rights to use 45:25.03[1] Water banking contracts 45:25.04 Water quality issues 45:25.03[5]
ARBITRATION (See ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION)
ARCHAEOLOGICAL REGULATION American Indian Religious Freedom Act 41:14.07 Antiquities Act of 1906, 40:4.02[1][a],[b]; 41:14.06 Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 40:4.03; 41:14.04-.06 Historic and Archaeological Data Preservation Act 40:4.02[2][b], 4.04[3]; 41:14.04 Historic Sites Act of 1935, 40:4.02[2][a]; 41:14.05 Litigation 40:4.04 National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, 41:14.02 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act 40:4.03[1]; 41:14.03[1]-[7] Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960 40:4.02[2][b]; 41:14.04
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES PROTECTION ACT Generally 40:4.03; 41:14.04 Cultural resources protection 41:14.06 Indian lands 39:2.02[3][c]
AREAS OF CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN Non-endangered wildlife 42:12.03[2][a]
ARGENTINEAN NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (See LATIN AMERICA, NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT)
ARIZONA WATER BANKING AUTHORITY Generally 45:25.02; 46:25.04[1]
ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE PROJECTS Generally 45:25.01 et seq.
ASSESSMENT WORK Appropriations Act of 1992, 40:8.01 et seq.
ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE Generally 41:1.02[1]; 43:6.02[1]; 48:3.02[1] Environmental audits 39:6.01 et seq. Internet, cellular phone, fax use 43:6.01 et seq. Joint ventures 41:1.04
ATTORNEY CONFLICTS OF INTEREST (See CONFLICTS OF INTEREST)
ATTORNEY LIABILITY ABA formal ethics opinion 46:24.02[6][e] Attorney-client relationships arising out of closely held entities 46:24.02[3] Code of Professional Responsibility 43:7.03 Duties to client 43:7.02[1][b] Fiduciary duty 46:24.02[6] Lawyer as intermediary 46:24.02[5] Model rules of professional conduct 43:7.03 Multiple representation 46:24.02[4] Privity with "client" 46:24.02[2] Restatement of Law 43:7.02[5] Restatement (Second) of torts 49:27.04[2][c] Restatement (Third) of the law governing lawyers 49:27.04[2][d] Third parties/non-clients 43:7.01 et seq. Avoiding liability 43:7.05 Client's intent 43:7.02[2][b] Disclaimers 43:7.02[2][f] Duties to non-clients 43:7.02 et seq. Theories of liability 43:7.02[3] Title opinions 49:27.01 et seq. Disclaimers 49:27.07 Duties in rendering or updating 49:27.03, .05 Liability to non-clients 49:27.04 Malpractice 49:27.04 Negligence 49:27.04
ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT DOCTRINE Generally 41:1.02[1] Joint ventures 41:1.04
AUDITS Environmental 39:6.01 et seq.
AUSTRALIA Aboriginal title 46:2.01 et seq.
AUTHORIZATION FOR EXPENDITURES (AFE) Overruns 36:18.02[2][b]
BALANCING IN KIND (See GAS BALANCING AGREEMENT)
BALD AND GOLDEN EAGLE PROTECTION ACT OF 1940 Indian Lands 39:2.02[3][h] Mining operations 37:7.10 Non-endangered wildlife 42:12.04[2]
BANKABLE FEASIBILITY STUDY (See FEASIBILITY STUDIES)
BANKRUPTCY (See also ENERGY TRADING AND BANKRUPTCY) Acquisitions, conveyances 38:13.06-.07 Appeals 38:13.06[1],[2],[5],[6],[11] Auction process 38:13.06[6][c] Automatic stay 44:16.03 Avoiding powers 38:13.03, 13.07; 44:16.09 Chapter 7 liquidation 44:16.01[1][a] Chapter 11 reorganization 44:16.01[1][b] Claims 44:16.07 Debtors and debtors in possession 38:13.04[3], 13.05 Enron Generally 48:2.03 Cash management dispute 48:2.03[1] Divestitures 48:2.03[2][a] Substantive consolidation 48:2.03[1][e] Environmental claims 38:13.06[11] Escrow agreements 38:13.08[1] Executory contracts, unexpired leases 38:13.08-13.09; 44:16.06[4][a]; 48:2.02[2] Exploration agreement as 38:13.08[1]; 44:16.06[4][b] Mineral leases 48:2.02[2][b] MMS/OCS leases 48:2.02[2][c] Operating agreements 48:2.02[2][d] Partnership agreement as 38:13.09 Farmout agreements 44:16.06[4][c]; 48:2.02[3] Filing by operator 44:16.01 et seq. Fraudulent transfers 38:13.07[1],[3] Gas dedication contracts 44:16.06[4][d] Limited liability company 38:13.09 Mining joint venture 36:10.10[14]; 38:13.07-.09; 39:7.02[4], 7.03[4], 7.04[4], 7.05[4] Notice, hearing requirement 38:13.03, 13.06[2],[10] OCS leases 48:2.02[1][b] Oil and gas contractors’ liens 48:2.02[6] Preferences 48:2.02[6][b][iii] State laws 48:2.02[6][a] Oil and gas leases 44:16.06[4][a] Operating agreements 44:16.06[4][b] Operator liens 48:2.02[7] Parties in interest 38:13.06[2],[10] Postpetition removal of operator 44:16.03[2][d] Production payments 39:16.04[3]; 48:2.02[4] Property of estate 44:16.02 Representations, warranties 38:13.06[9] Royalty owners 48:2.02[5] Sale free and clear of liens 38:13.06[6][a], [11] Sale of co-owner interests 38:13.06[6][b] Sale of substantially all assets 38:13.06[6][a]; 44:16.10 Section 363 sales 48:2.03[2][b] Assumption and rejection of contracts 48:2.03[2][b][ii] Secured creditors 38:13.06[6][a], [7] Setoff 44:16.08 Strong arm powers 48:2.02[1][a] Successor liability 38:13.06[11] Trustees 38:13.04[1],[4] Unrecorded interests 38:13.07[1]; 48:2.02[1][a]
BAT Mines 40:11.02[1]
BEVILL EXEMPTION Beneficiation wastes excluded from hazardous waste regulation 36:4.03[2][b] Mining regulation 43:14.03[1][c][i]
BIG HORN ADJUDICATION Generally 46:26.03[4][a]
BIODIVERSITY Non-endangered wildlife 42:12.06
BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT (See ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT)
BIOLOGICAL OPINION (See ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT)
BIOMONITORING (See WATER QUALITY ACT OF 1987)
BLM (See BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT)
BLUE SKY LAWS (See SECURITIES LAWS)
BONDS Reclamation (See RECLAMATION BONDING) Surface disturbance 40:22.05[1]
BRE-X SCANDAL Generally 45:3.01 et seq.
BREAK FEES Generally 46:17.03[1]
BUILDING STONE ACT Generally 45:14.02[2]; 48:16B.01 et seq.
BUMPERS BILL (S. 433) Generally 37:12.03[1]-[2] Takings analysis 38:7.04[1], 7.05
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Coal bed methane development 37:13.04[4] Contest of millsite claims 38:12.03[3][b][6]-[7] Disposal of produced water 37:21.02[3] Enforcement authorities 45:14.05 FLPMA filings 38:12.04 Land exchanges 46:22.01 et seq. Mineral land determination 38:12.05 NEPA procedures 37:15.02[1][b] Non-endangered wildlife 42:12.03[2][a], 12.05 Patenting authority 36:12.02 Plan of operations 36:19.03[1]; 38:7.03[2][b] Preemption of state regulations 36:19.03[1] Reclamation bonding 37:19.02 Reclamation of mines 45:14.05-.06 Surface use restrictions 38:19.03[1] Uncommon varieties minerals 38:8.03[2][a] Wildlife protection 37:7.04; 42:12.03[2][a], 12.05
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION Contracts Administrative appeals 41:23.03[5][e] Amendment 41:23.03[5][d] Breaches 41:23.03[4] Remedies 41:23.03[5] Renewal 41:23.04 Dam sales, transfers 43:24.01 et seq. Reclamation Facilities Transfer Act 43:24.03[4][a] Water spreading Generally 41:23.03-23.05 Definition 41:23.03[1] Illegal uses 41:23.03[2] NEPA compliance 41:23.03[5][f]
BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS Corporations 38:17.03; 39:7.01 et seq.; 41:1.04 Foreign 44:13.05, 15.01 et seq. Limited liability companies 38:17.03; 39:7.04; 44:13.01 et seq. Partnerships 38:17.03
BUYING & SELLING PROPERTIES (See ACQUISITIONS)
BYPASS FLOWS 41:24.02; 44:26.03[2], .04[4]
CALFED Generally 46:1.07[3]
CALIFORNIA ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Generally 37:7.03[1]
CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL STATUTES California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) 37:7.08 Endangered Species 37:7.03[1] Enforcement 36:6.03[2][b] Hazardous Substance Account Act 36:6.03[2][b] Migratory Bird Protection 37:7.09[2] Porter-Cologne Act 36:5.03[2][b] Surface mining and reclamation 37:7.06 Wetlands 37:7.12[3]
CALIFORNIA LANDS COMMISSION Spanish, Mexican property rights 36:1.02[2]
CALIFORNIA SURFACE MINING AND RECLAMATION ACT Application to federal lands, Granite Rock 37:7.06[2] Wildlife habitat provisions 37:7.06[1]
CANADA Aboriginal title 46:2.01 et seq. Coalbed methane gas (See COALBED METHANE GAS) Mergers, acquisitions 46:17.01 et seq. Mining ventures 44:11.01 et seq. Natural resource development Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon 46:4.01 et seq. Oil and gas operations 46:23.03 Competition Act 46:23.03[4][b] Environmental issues 46:23.03[3] Subsurface rights 46:23.03[1] Surface rights 46:23.03[2] Redomiciling in 46:7.02[4]
CANADA-U.S. FREE TRADE AGREEMENT Effect on Canadian gas supply 36:14.02
CANDIDATE SPECIES (See also ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT) Generally 37:7.02[1] Non-endangered wildlife 42:12.04[4][a]
CANONS OF CONSTRUCTION Judicial interpretation of statutes 45:7.02[4]
CAPACITY BROKERING 39:13.02[4]
CARRIED INTERESTS IN MINING AGREEMENTS Generally 36:9.01 et seq.; 37:10.05 Carried interest defined 36:9.02 Carried interest with complete payout 36:9.04[2] Earn-in 36:9.04[1], 9.05[1] Pool of capital doctrine 36:9.03 Tax consequences 36:9.05-.06 Tax partnership 36:9.06[5]
CENTRAL ARIZONA PROJECT Generally 38:25.01 et seq.
CEQA (See California Environmental Statutes)
CERCLA (See COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT)
CESSATION OF PRODUCTION Generally 41:15.05
CHANNEL MAINTENANCE Generally 46:26.03[2]
CHEVRON DEFERENCE Generally 45:7.02[6], 47:5.03[3][a], 6.05[2]
CHILEAN NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (See LATIN AMERICA, NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT)
CITIZEN SUITS (See ENVIRONMENTAL CITIZEN SUITS)
CIVIL LAW Legal nature of "mining title" 46:11.02[2] Mining taxation 46:11.04-.05 Taking security over mining assets 46:11.03 Vs. common law 46:11.01 et seq.
CLASS ACTIONS Adequacy 46:21.04[5][d] Bifurcated trials 46:21.05[2] Breach of implied covenants 46:21.03[2] Certification 46:21.02-.06 Collateral attack 46:21.04[1][b] Commonality 46:21.04[5][b] Conflict of laws 46:21.06[1][b] Counterclaims 46:21.06[5] Defenses 46:21.06[7] Due process constraints 46:21.06[1][a] Guardian of class 46:21.04[1][a] Identification of royalty owners 46:21.06[2] Lease, division order language 46:21.06[4] Mandatory classes 46:21.04[6][a] Numerosity 46:21.04[5][a] Oil and gas royalties 46:21.01 et seq. Opt out classes 46:21.04[6][b] Ownership of causes of action 46:21.06[3] Personal jurisdiction 46:21.04[3] Requirements 46:21.04[6] Rule 23 46:21.04 Types of claims 46:21.03 Typicality 46:21.04[5][c] Underpayment of royalties 46:21.03[1]
CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA) Generally 37:6.01 et seq.; 40:5.01 et seq.; 47:21.03; 49:24.02-.03, .05-.07 Acid rain program 47:21.05 Air quality standards 44:2.03 Alternatives to control measures 44:2.07 Best available control technology (BACT) 49:24.02[2] Citizen suits 39:3.01 et seq. Compliance 37:6.04[6] Effect on reprocessing mine waste 36:4.03[1] 8-hour NAAQS 44:2.02[1] Emissions trading Generally 40:5.03[2][b]; 47:21.04 Allowances/ERCs as assets 47:21.11 Coal and emissions trading 47:21.14 Emerging trading programs 47:21.10 Emissions markets 47:21.13 Greenhouse gas trading 47:21.12 State and local markets 47:21.09 Enforcement delegation 46:14.04[3] Environmental audits 39:6.02[1] EPA regulation 44:2.02 Federalism 49:24.02-.03, .05-.07 Hazardous air pollutants 37:6.04 Implementation process 44:2.05 Indian lands 39:2.02[3][q] NAAQS (PM) 44:2.02[1]-[2] Nonattainment for Particulate Matter (PM-10) 37:6.03 NOx budget trading program 47:21.06 Oil and gas operations 37:6.04[2] Operating permits 40:5.02[2] Overfiling 49:24.04, .06 Ozone nonattainment 37:6.02 Permit revisions 40:5.03[4] Prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) program 49:24.02[2] RECLAIM 47:21.07 Regional haze program 44:2.02[3] Regional programs 44:2.04 Source requirements 40:5.01[2] State implementation plans (SIPs) 37:6.02, 6.03[1]-[2]; 40:5.01[1]; 49:24.02[1] Violations 38:1.03[3][c] WRAP emissions trading program 47:21.08
CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA) Generally 40:11.01; 43:8.01; 44:27.01; 47:18.02[1]; 49:22.01 et seq. Acid rock drainage 42:5.01[2], 15.03[1][a] Administrative appeals 45:17.05[5] Air deposition 45:17.02[6][c] Ambient water quality standards 37:4.01[1]; 43:8.02[1][b] Amendments 36:23.01 Antidegradation 43:8.06; 45:17.02[3][c] Arsenic drinking water standard 45:17.02[5][a] Best Management Practices (BMPs) 45:17.02[6][b] Bypass flows 44:26.03[2] Citizen suits 39:3.01 et seq.; 43:8.08; 46:12.04[1] Clean Water Action Plan 44:27.02 Closing hardrock mines 39:10.03[2] Coal mining 46:27.02[3][b] Criteria 45:17.02[3][b] Dam breach 45:23.02[3] Disposal of produced water 37:21.03[2][a] Dredged & fill permits (See infra Section 404 dredged and fill permits) Effect on reprocessing mine waste 36:4.03[1] Endangered, sensitive species 43:8.05 Enforcement delegation 46:14.04[2] Environmental audits 39:6.02[1] Environmental indemnities in sales contracts 38:22.02[2][a][i] EPA approval of state standards 45:17.02[6][a] EPA review 36:22.03[1]; 38:6.02[2] ESA, CWA coordination 45:17.04 Memorandum of agreement 45:17.04[1] Excavation 46:27.02[1][c] Federal jurisdiction over "waters of the United States" 44:27.03 “Fill” material 49:22.04 Groundwater 43:8.04, 22.05[2] Hard-rock, aggregate mining 46:27.02[3][a] In heap leach process 36:5.03[1] Incidental backfill 46:27.02[1][c] Independent application policy 45:17.02[3][e] Indian lands 39:2.02[3][p] Individual permit requirements 46:27.02[3][c] Interim Discharge Limits 43:8.08[2] Liability 37:1.03-.09 Mercury test 45:17.02[5][c] Mine operations 43:14.02[1], 14.03[1][c][iv],[2] Mines, groundwater discharge 40:11.01, 11.03 Mines, surface water discharge 40:11.01, 11.02 Mining operations 46:27.01 et seq. Mixing zones 45:17.02[3][d] Mountaintop removal 46:27.02[4][a] Nationwide permits 43:8.07[1]; 45:17.05[2]; 46:27.02[2] Navigable waters 37:21.03[2][a]; 44:26.03[1]; 47:18.02[2] Nonpoint sources 43:8.01 et seq.; 44:26.03[2], 27.04; 45:17.03[3] NPDES Permits (See NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES) PERMITS) Nuisance abatement 37:1.02[1][b] Oil field cleanup discharges 42:17.04 Overview 36:21.02; 38:6.02[2] Permits 37:4.02[3]; 38:6.02[2]-[3] Point source 43:8.01 et seq.; 45:17.03[3] Private projects 41:9.01 et seq. Quarterly noncompliance reports (QNCR) 37:4.03[2] Regulatory requirements 37:4.01 et seq. Reporting requirements 38:4.01 SEC disclosure requirements 38:4.02-4.06 Section 303 review 36:22.05[1][a] Section 303(d) Lists/Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) 43:8.02; 44:27.04[2][a]; 47:18.03, 18.04 Section 401 certification 43:8.03; 44:26.03[2] Section 404 dredged and fill permits 36:5.05[3], 22.01 et seq.; 37:7.12[2], 21.03[2][c]; 38:6.02[2], 6.03[4]; 44:26.03[1]; 45:17.02[3][b], 17.04[4]; 17.05; 46:27.02; 49:22.04, 22.05[2] Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) requirements 49:22.07 State NPDES permitting programs 45:17.02[3][b], 17.04[4] State water quality standards on interstate streams Generally 37:23.03-.04; 38:6.02[3] Source state discharge permit 37:23.04[4] State water rights 40:23.02[4][c] Storm water 45:17.02[6][b] Storm Water Program 37:4.02 Stormwater permitting 49:22.05[1] Strict liability permit compliance 37:4.03[1] Sulfate drinking water standard 45:17.02[5][b] Surface Water Toxics 37:4.01[2] SWANCC case 47:18.02[2] SWANCC case, response to 49:22.02 Congress 49:22.02[3] EPA and Corps of Engineers 49:22.02[1] Federal courts 49:22.02[2] Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) 43:8.02; 44:27.04[2][a]; 45:17.03; 46:27.03; 47:18.01 et seq.; 49:22.06 Tulloch Rule 43:8.07[2] Violations Bar from federal contract 38:1.03[3][c] Listing 38:1.03[3][c] Wallop Amendment 44:26.03[3] Water adjudications 41:24.06[3] Water quality certification 43:8.03 Water Quality Criteria Standards Plan 45:17.02[2] Water quality limited segments 43:8.02[1] Water quality standards 36:22.03[1]; 43:8.02[1]; 44:27.02[2]; 45:17.02 Water rights 39:20.05[2][a] Waters of the United States 45:17.05[4] Watershed protection 45:24.01 et seq.; 46:13.01 et seq. Wetlands protection 37:7.12[2]; 38:6.01 et seq.; 43:8.07 Alternatives analysis 38:6.02[2][d] Mitigation requirements 38:6.02[2][e] Public interest review 38:6.02[2][a] Section 404(b) guidelines 38:6.02[2][b] State certification 38:6.02[2][c] Whole effluent toxicity (WET) limits 37:4.01[2][c]
CLEANUP (See also COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA); RECLAMATION) Cost recovery (See ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANUP, COST RECOVERY) Depleted oil fields 42:17.01 et seq. Insurance coverage 46:15.01 et seq. Mine waste (See MINE WASTE CLEANUP)
CLIMATE CHANGES Generally 45:2.01 et seq.
CLOSING OPINIONS Approvals and filings 45:6.14 Corporate power 45:6.08 Corporate status 45:6.05 Facts 45:6.04 Foreign qualification 45:6.06 |
